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Pětipsy
It is not precisely known when Pětipsy rose, its early times are expected to date back to as early as late 12th century. First preserved written record about the village goes back to 1226, when it was given to Premonstratensian cloister in Doksany. Later it got into the Royal Chamber´s hands so as to be pledged in 1332 by king John I. to Fridrich of Egerberg. He built here a strong fort, which became a residence of the house of Pětipeský of Chýš and Egerberg. In 1360 Pětipsy was inherited by Fridrich´s son Odolen.
The village went its calm way for over a hundred years without noticeable changes. Not even Hussite wars didn´t affect it considerably. The family Pětipeský of Egerberg held the village until end of the 15th century when it was sold by Václav Pětipeský´s descendants to Václav of Lobkovic and Hasištejn. Pětipsy got annexed thus to the dominion Hasištejn, in 1518, however, it was separated again. This year it was gained by Zikmund of Lobkovic, who sold it a year later to Opl of Fictum. Under his rule the village went through great boom. Opl set up, however, a coiner´s workshop, which was soon disclosed and he had therefore to escape in 1530 from the country. His property forfeited thus to the Royal Chamber.
King Ferdinand pledged then the village, together with other Opl´s estate, to Jeroným Šlik, then all the property was in 1545 bought by Jeroným´s uncle Albrecht. He sold Pětipsy 5 years later to Eliška Šliková of Dubá. The village was then inherited by Ondřej Šlik of Holič, who divided it in 1559 into two parts, which then passed down to Jeroným Hrobčický of Hrobčice and Bernart, doctor Koštický of Koštice. Bernart sold his half of the village as early as the following year to Jeroným, and this became thus the only lord of Pětipsy.
In 1567 the village was gained by Jeroným´s son Vladislav, who inherited it, together with other his property, to his son Oldřich Hrobčický of Hrobčice. Oldřich took however part in the Estates´uprising, for which he was punished, after the battle at the White Mount, to forfeiture of the hereditary rights. When he died in 1629, all his property - including Pětipsy – fell under the Royal Chamber, which sold it right in the following year to Kryštof Šimon of Thun. Erasure from the land register was made as late as in 1652, this year begins village majority ownership by earls of Thun - Hohenstein of Klášterec.
Life in Pětipsy went on in calm and relatively carelessly. Not even the Thirty Years´War, during which a number of troops passed thru around here causing immense damage, affected too much the village.. The village experienced considerable development under the Thuns. People lived for the most part on agriculture. There was grown above all corn, beet, poppy and hops, also sheep, cattle and pigs farming was significant. There were about 50 houses in the village those days.
Only as late as in the half of the 19th century came more significant changes. In 1850 Pětipsy became an independent village. This was just the time for development of industry and above all mining industry in the local area. There were total 11 mines in operation on the village cadastre, Pětipsy became thus the largest centre of coal mining around Chomutov. Local coal was delivered above all to surrounding brickworks, sugar refineries and breweries. In 1866 tere was set up also a sugar refinery in the village. Development of industry resulted here in the village boom, reflected also in number of population – in the years 1847 - 1880 number of local inhabitants nearly doubled that of former 400! This proves good living and lots of job opportunities offered in this village. In the 70ies however broke the economic crisis bringing nearly all the mining activities to a standstill. This state didn´t fortunately take long – as early as by end of the 70ies rising inquiry for coal brought about mining recovery, in 1882 however a construction of the railway line from Krásný Dvůr to Radonice and Vilémov was finished, making it possible to import coal from the Most coalfield, which stopped again the local mining. Coal was mined here only by end of the World War I. this mining losing its previous importance soon stopped completely.
Early in the 20th century number of population began to fall. This trend went on throughout the century. The World War I meant end of quiet life in Pětipsy. People suffered from lack of food, clothing and other kind of goods. Each village was due to deliver conscriptions for the army, such as corn, cattle and poultry, milk and the like, everywhere were introduced food cards, men were recruited to front … After the war emerged former national issues – from the part of the Germans came to the attempt of creating a border province Deutschböhmen, which lasted until November 1919, when the border had to be occupied by the Czechoslovak army at last. After the war it came to a complete collapse of supply and lack of money. People from most affected areas of the Ore Mountains – i.e. from Vejprty and Přísečnice area – were coming to lowlands with rucksacks and in Pětipsy and surrounding villages they hunted for food and vegetables. Rucksack transportation spread out so much that the railway authorities issued a decree on maximum of weight of rucksack to be carried by one person … Finally life began to get back on the rails again and the whole country was recovering from war hardships.
In 1928 there was opened a Czech one-class school in Pětipsy. Those days lived there only about 10 % Czechs in the village, other people were of the German nationality. Relationships between the Czechs and germans wouldn´t be too good, in the 20ies they were improving considerably and both nations lived by each other together in friendship and peace. Whereas the Czechs had nearly no social life here it had changed at last in 1929, when the National northbohemian unity was established here, at the same time a Czech public library was opened and also a Czech nursery started its service.
The economic crisis of the 30ies bore down on the village and so did it on the whole region.. The same economic crisis helped Nazism come into power in neighbouring Germany, which brought end of good Czech-German relationships. There were more and more provocations from the part of the Germans and situation turned worse from week to week. A number of the Czech families left better away to inland. On 23th Sept. 1938 a mobilization was ordered. A number of measures were taken around Pětipsy for defence of the country against the German invasion. The Czechoslovak troops operated also right in the village – the local bridge across Liboc was mined and watched … After the Munich´s treason all the resistance was, however, useless and troops had thus to move back again. On 9th Oct.in the morning last representatives of the Czechoslovak state were leaving from Pětipsy facing shouting, cursing and heiling coming from most local Germans. In afternoon hours the area got occupied by German troops. The World War II passed in Pětipsy relatively calmly. Of course – people were plagued by "usual" war hardships, well by lack in anything, however fights, bombing or other tragedies did not affect the village at all. After the end of the war in 1945 German population were evacuated, which was followed by resettlement byCzech immigrants (and repatriates) from inland. There didn´t, however, manage to completely settle the village after the Germans had left, low number of population was amplified then also by following natural evacuation.
In 1948 nationalization of property began in Pětipsy. The state farm Poláky thus became a holder of the local sugar refinery. There was also set up a unified farmers´cooperative in the village. This got integrated in 1976with the cooperatives Račetice, Lestkov, Libědice, Čejkovice, Radonice and Vilémov into the common enterprise "JZD Nástup with the seat in Račetice." In 1981 Pětipsy fused with the villages Libědice and Čejkovice, since 1990 they have however been an independent village again.
Today Pětipsy is quite a good looking village, sought after for its calm and holiday pleasure.
References: Binterová, Z. Libědice a Čejkovice. Chomutov 2001
Sedláček, A. Hrady, zámky a tvrze, díl 14. Praha 1936
Soukr. noviny Chomutovska Nástup, číslo 25 str. 3, číslo 28 str. 3, ročník IX
It is not precisely known when Pětipsy rose, its early times are expected to date back to as early as late 12th century. First preserved written record about the village goes back to 1226, when it was given to Premonstratensian cloister in Doksany. Later it got into the Royal Chamber´s hands so as to be pledged in 1332 by king John I. to Fridrich of Egerberg. He built here a strong fort, which became a residence of the house of Pětipeský of Chýš and Egerberg. In 1360 Pětipsy was inherited by Fridrich´s son Odolen.
The village went its calm way for over a hundred years without noticeable changes. Not even Hussite wars didn´t affect it considerably. The family Pětipeský of Egerberg held the village until end of the 15th century when it was sold by Václav Pětipeský´s descendants to Václav of Lobkovic and Hasištejn. Pětipsy got annexed thus to the dominion Hasištejn, in 1518, however, it was separated again. This year it was gained by Zikmund of Lobkovic, who sold it a year later to Opl of Fictum. Under his rule the village went through great boom. Opl set up, however, a coiner´s workshop, which was soon disclosed and he had therefore to escape in 1530 from the country. His property forfeited thus to the Royal Chamber.
King Ferdinand pledged then the village, together with other Opl´s estate, to Jeroným Šlik, then all the property was in 1545 bought by Jeroným´s uncle Albrecht. He sold Pětipsy 5 years later to Eliška Šliková of Dubá. The village was then inherited by Ondřej Šlik of Holič, who divided it in 1559 into two parts, which then passed down to Jeroným Hrobčický of Hrobčice and Bernart, doctor Koštický of Koštice. Bernart sold his half of the village as early as the following year to Jeroným, and this became thus the only lord of Pětipsy.
In 1567 the village was gained by Jeroným´s son Vladislav, who inherited it, together with other his property, to his son Oldřich Hrobčický of Hrobčice. Oldřich took however part in the Estates´uprising, for which he was punished, after the battle at the White Mount, to forfeiture of the hereditary rights. When he died in 1629, all his property - including Pětipsy – fell under the Royal Chamber, which sold it right in the following year to Kryštof Šimon of Thun. Erasure from the land register was made as late as in 1652, this year begins village majority ownership by earls of Thun - Hohenstein of Klášterec.
Life in Pětipsy went on in calm and relatively carelessly. Not even the Thirty Years´War, during which a number of troops passed thru around here causing immense damage, affected too much the village.. The village experienced considerable development under the Thuns. People lived for the most part on agriculture. There was grown above all corn, beet, poppy and hops, also sheep, cattle and pigs farming was significant. There were about 50 houses in the village those days.
Only as late as in the half of the 19th century came more significant changes. In 1850 Pětipsy became an independent village. This was just the time for development of industry and above all mining industry in the local area. There were total 11 mines in operation on the village cadastre, Pětipsy became thus the largest centre of coal mining around Chomutov. Local coal was delivered above all to surrounding brickworks, sugar refineries and breweries. In 1866 tere was set up also a sugar refinery in the village. Development of industry resulted here in the village boom, reflected also in number of population – in the years 1847 - 1880 number of local inhabitants nearly doubled that of former 400! This proves good living and lots of job opportunities offered in this village. In the 70ies however broke the economic crisis bringing nearly all the mining activities to a standstill. This state didn´t fortunately take long – as early as by end of the 70ies rising inquiry for coal brought about mining recovery, in 1882 however a construction of the railway line from Krásný Dvůr to Radonice and Vilémov was finished, making it possible to import coal from the Most coalfield, which stopped again the local mining. Coal was mined here only by end of the World War I. this mining losing its previous importance soon stopped completely.
Early in the 20th century number of population began to fall. This trend went on throughout the century. The World War I meant end of quiet life in Pětipsy. People suffered from lack of food, clothing and other kind of goods. Each village was due to deliver conscriptions for the army, such as corn, cattle and poultry, milk and the like, everywhere were introduced food cards, men were recruited to front … After the war emerged former national issues – from the part of the Germans came to the attempt of creating a border province Deutschböhmen, which lasted until November 1919, when the border had to be occupied by the Czechoslovak army at last. After the war it came to a complete collapse of supply and lack of money. People from most affected areas of the Ore Mountains – i.e. from Vejprty and Přísečnice area – were coming to lowlands with rucksacks and in Pětipsy and surrounding villages they hunted for food and vegetables. Rucksack transportation spread out so much that the railway authorities issued a decree on maximum of weight of rucksack to be carried by one person … Finally life began to get back on the rails again and the whole country was recovering from war hardships.
In 1928 there was opened a Czech one-class school in Pětipsy. Those days lived there only about 10 % Czechs in the village, other people were of the German nationality. Relationships between the Czechs and germans wouldn´t be too good, in the 20ies they were improving considerably and both nations lived by each other together in friendship and peace. Whereas the Czechs had nearly no social life here it had changed at last in 1929, when the National northbohemian unity was established here, at the same time a Czech public library was opened and also a Czech nursery started its service.
The economic crisis of the 30ies bore down on the village and so did it on the whole region.. The same economic crisis helped Nazism come into power in neighbouring Germany, which brought end of good Czech-German relationships. There were more and more provocations from the part of the Germans and situation turned worse from week to week. A number of the Czech families left better away to inland. On 23th Sept. 1938 a mobilization was ordered. A number of measures were taken around Pětipsy for defence of the country against the German invasion. The Czechoslovak troops operated also right in the village – the local bridge across Liboc was mined and watched … After the Munich´s treason all the resistance was, however, useless and troops had thus to move back again. On 9th Oct.in the morning last representatives of the Czechoslovak state were leaving from Pětipsy facing shouting, cursing and heiling coming from most local Germans. In afternoon hours the area got occupied by German troops. The World War II passed in Pětipsy relatively calmly. Of course – people were plagued by "usual" war hardships, well by lack in anything, however fights, bombing or other tragedies did not affect the village at all. After the end of the war in 1945 German population were evacuated, which was followed by resettlement byCzech immigrants (and repatriates) from inland. There didn´t, however, manage to completely settle the village after the Germans had left, low number of population was amplified then also by following natural evacuation.
In 1948 nationalization of property began in Pětipsy. The state farm Poláky thus became a holder of the local sugar refinery. There was also set up a unified farmers´cooperative in the village. This got integrated in 1976with the cooperatives Račetice, Lestkov, Libědice, Čejkovice, Radonice and Vilémov into the common enterprise "JZD Nástup with the seat in Račetice." In 1981 Pětipsy fused with the villages Libědice and Čejkovice, since 1990 they have however been an independent village again.
Today Pětipsy is quite a good looking village, sought after for its calm and holiday pleasure.
References: Binterová, Z. Libědice a Čejkovice. Chomutov 2001
Sedláček, A. Hrady, zámky a tvrze, díl 14. Praha 1936
Soukr. noviny Chomutovska Nástup, číslo 25 str. 3, číslo 28 str. 3, ročník IX
